Annotated Bibliography
References
Beltran, B. B. (2018, August 29). Five things you need to know about securing your
data. BusinessWorld. https://www.bworldonline.com/trends/2018/08/29/183598/sparkup-trends-data-strategy-ibm-technology/
I examine the keyword of data privacy in two parts. I start by analyzing the first part of the term which is data. This article helps me validate the importance of data as this article notes that data is the new oil. This metaphor aptly describes the importance of data in the 21st century. Additionally, it describes the valuable nature of data it validates the importance of my keyword of data privacy.
Burrows, L. (2013, July 24). To be let alone: Brandeis foresaw privacy problems. BrandeisNow.
https://www.brandeis.edu/now/2013/july/privacy.html
Louis Brandeis is a historic figure and a giant in the field of data privacy and warrants a study of his academic contributions that make him a giant. The article shares a quote and illustrates how he foresaw the challenges regarding data privacy. In the conclusion of my argument, I share the metaphor of Louis Brandeis passing the torch to Dr. Alan Westin and Dr. Alan Westin to Professor Fred Cate to fight to protect the data of individuals. I leverage this quote to illustrate how the plight for my keyword of data privacy expands generations and while the technology has advanced and taken new form, data privacy has always been advocated as fundamental human right.
Cate, F. (2006). The Failure of Fair Information Practice Principles. In J. Winn (Eds.),
Consumer Protection in the Age of the ‘Information Economy’ (343-379). Ashgate. https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/public_comments/privacy-roundtables-comment-project-no.p095416-544506-00057/544506-00057.pdf
This chapter discusses the history of the Fair Information Practices Principles and its emphasis on privacy protections related to consent. It further argues the need for the Fair Information Practices Principles to be centered around data stewardship and data processing restrictions rather than consent and as the article puts it “procedural privacy protections”. As my keyword is data privacy, this article will be useful as it illustrates regulations that are centered around the my keyword of data privacy.
Cate, F. (2011, April). Fred H. Cate. Maurer School of Law.
https://law.indiana.edu/about/people/cv/cate-fred-h.pdf
This source is Professor Fred Cate’s resume which goes into detail about his significant academic contributions to my keyword and the field of data privacy. These academic contributions will be helpful to reference as I prove that Professor Fred Cate is a giant in the community of research of data privacy.
Cate, F. (2019, April 20). 74 screens of legalese don’t protect your data: here’s a blueprint for
new laws that could make a difference – Fred H Cate. The International Forum for Responsible Media. https://inforrm.org/2019/04/20/74-screens-of-legalese-dont-protect-your-data-heres-a-blueprint-for-new-laws-that-could-make-a-difference-fred-h-cate/
This online article by Cate discusses the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation and how countries aim to replicate it. Further Cate in this article lays out the three key points that a potential data privacy law should include. These three points are foundational to Cate’s data stewardship theory which is discussed in this paper and this article will help me illustrate how Professor Fred Cate is a giant in the community of research in my keyword of data privacy.
Cate, F. (2019, April 21). Here’s a blueprint for the new laws that could protect your data. Salon.
https://www.salon.com/2019/04/21/heres-a-blueprint-for-new-laws-that-could-protect-your-data_partner/
Professor Fred Cate in his article discusses how the enactment of the General Data Privacy Regulation and California’s Consumer Privacy Act has started discussions if the United States should create a federal privacy law. Professor Fred Cate takes the initiative and discusses what a federal privacy law should entail. Professor Fred Cate’s roadmap for a federal data privacy law is rooted in his data stewardship theory. In this theory he suggests data collectors should hold the liability for misuse or harm to an individual or their data and the data subject should not be liable. This article discusses laws and regulations about my keyword of data privacy and will be extremely helpful as I discuss Professor Fred Cate’s data stewardship theory and his stances on the controversy of consent in data privacy.
Cate, F., Cullen, P., & Mayer-Schonberger, V. (2013) Data Protection Principles for the 21st
Century. Books By Maurer Faculty. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=facbooks
This journal article written by Professor Fred Cate and his co-authors focuses on revising the 1980 Organization for Economic and Co-operation Development (OECD) Guidelines. These guidelines create standards for protecting personal data and Cate asserts in this journal article that these standards need to be updated for the modern era. He further states that there needs to be less focus on consent and privacy policies and more on data stewardship and data collection regulations. This article helps me articulate Cate’s perspective on my keyword of data privacy as well as his stance on the controversy of consent.
Cate, F & Mayer-Schönberger, V. (2013). Notice and Consent in a World of Big Data. Articles
by Maurer Faculty. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3662&context=facpub
In this journal article by Professor Fred Cate, he reflects on his time at the 2012 Microsoft sponsored initiative chartered to foster discussions about my keyword data privacy. Specifically, around privacy policies and how it is ineffective to focus on privacy policies and consent in the 21st century. Further, Professor Fred Cate discusses his theory of data stewardship and how during discussions at the event academics agree data stewardship is the best approach for data privacy laws and regulations in the 21stcentury.
Fox, M. (2013, February 22). Alan F. Westin, Who Transformed Privacy Debate Before the Web
Era at 83. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/23/us/alan-f-westin-scholar-who-defined-right-to-privacy-dies-at-83.html
This news article reports on Dr. Alan Westin’s passing and recounts his contributions to the community of research in data privacy. As Alan Westin is a giant under analysis and data privacy is the keyword under analysis this article will be helpful for me to illustrate Westin’s significant academic contributions to the community of research in data privacy.
Geoghegan, B. (2016). Information. In B. Peters (Eds.) Digital Keywords: A Vocabulary of
Information Society and Culture (173-183). Princeton University Press.
The Digital Keywords textbook provides 25 keywords and for the “One Keyword (from Digital Keywords): Giants & Theories” assignment I selected the keyword of information. I selected this keyword because as noted in this paper my keyword of data privacy at its core is the privacy of information.
Indiana University Bloomington. (2022). Maurer School of Law. Indiana University Bloomington.
https://law.indiana.edu/about/people/details/cate-fred-h.html
This is the profile page of Professor Fred Cate on Indiana University Bloomington’s faculty website. This provides an overview of his academic contributions to my keyword of data privacy. This will be helpful as I narrate his contributions to the field of data privacy which will help me prove that Professor Fred Cate is a giant in the field and in my keyword of data privacy.
Information Commissioner’s Office (2022). What is valid consent? Information
Commission’s Office. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/consent/what-is-valid-consent/
Consent is an integral component to Dr. Alan Westin’s data privacy theory, but it is not an integral component to Professor Fred Cate’s data stewardship theory. To effectively discuss the controversy of consent between Dr. Alan Westin and Professor Fred Cate it is important to define consent. This online source gives an excellent definition from the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation’s Article 4 which will be the definition I will use as I examine the controversy of consent in my keyword of data privacy between the two giants Dr. Alan Westin and Professor Fred Cate.
Langer, E. (2013, February 19). Alan F. Westin, scholar of privacy in the information ages, dies
at 83. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/alan-f-westin-scholar-of-privacy-in-the-information-ages-dies-at-83/2013/02/19/7258b28c-7aa6-11e2-a044-676856536b40_story.html
This news article reports on Dr. Alan Westin’s passing and covers his significant contributions to the field of my keyword of data privacy. Additionally, the article shares praises for Dr. Alan Westin from academics in the field of research in data privacy. This article is relevant to my research as it provides evidence for my argument that Dr. Alan Westin is a giant and validates his importance in the community of research of my keyword, data privacy.
Meredith, S. (2018, April 10). Facebook-Cambridge Analytica: A timeline of the data hijacking
scandal. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/10/facebook-cambridge-analytica-a-timeline-of-the-data-hijacking-scandal.html
This news article shares the timeline for the Facebook and Cambridge Analytica scandal. In the first section of the paper, I validate the importance of my keyword of data privacy. Further I illustrate the case study of the Cambridge Analytica scandal to illustrate the importance of the keyword data privacy.
Meta. (2022, July 26). Privacy Policy. Facebook.
https://www.facebook.com/privacy/policy/
Consent is a large part of Alan Westin’s theorization of my keyword of data privacy. This theory is applied in privacy policies that corporations create and data privacy regulations that corporations are held to. To prove the importance of my keyword of data privacy I leverage the Cambridge Analytica case study. Further, I cite Meta’s Privacy Policy as evidence of Meta’s efforts to defend their use of data and support their argument that Meta is transparent with how the company uses user data.
Rollenhagen, L. (2020, September 8). Alan Westin is the father of modern data privacy
law. osano. https://www.osano.com/articles/alan-westin
This article aptly titled “Alan Westin is the father of modern data privacy law” discusses Dr. Alan Westin’s contributions to the field of data privacy. As data privacy is my keyword and Dr. Alan Westin is a giant under analysis, this source is useful as I build the narrative as to why Dr. Alan Westin is a giant in the field and my keyword of data privacy.
Singer, N. (2018, April 11). What You Don’t Know About How Facebook Uses Your Data.
The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/technology/facebook-privacy-hearings.html
To support my argument that data privacy is important and matters I reference the Cambridge Analytica scandal in 2018. This source reports on the scandal, detailing how individuals’ personal information was given to Cambridge Analytica. Further it investigates how Facebook (now Meta) collects personal information on individuals. The scandal emphasizes the importance of data privacy and by relation data privacy regulations.
Swire, P. (2013, March 7). Alan Westin’s Legacy of Privacy and Freedom. Iaap.
https://iapp.org/news/a/alan-westins-legacy-of-privacy-and-freedom/
This online source examines Dr. Alan Westin’s contributions to the community of research in data privacy. As my keyword is data privacy and Dr. Alan Westin is a giant under analysis this source will help me create my argument that Dr. Alan Westin is a giant.
TEDxTalks. (2020, January 16). Data Privacy and Consent | Fred Cate | TEDxIndianaUniversity
[Video]. TED. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iPDpV8ojHA
In this TEDxTalk given by Professor Fred Cate, he shares the history of my keyword of data privacy. In addition, Professor Fred Cate shares his view on the controversy of consent and why consent should not be the center of data privacy policies and regulation in the 21st century.
Tinkcom, M. & Koliska, M. (2022, August 23). One Keyword (from Digital Keywords): Giants
& Theories. Canvas. https://georgetown.instructure.com/courses/152265/assignments/765531
A critical element of this assignment is identifying giants that relate to my keyword of “data privacy”. To do this, I leverage this resource which cites Dr. Tinkcom and Dr. Koliska’s definition of a giant.
Tinkcom, M. & Koliska, M. (2022, August 23). Your Keyword: Giants, Theories, Assumptions
and Controversies. Canvas.
https://georgetown.instructure.com/courses/152265/assignments/765532
This source provides the expectations of the paper and shares definitions of assumptions and controversies which are two critical elements to prove Dr. Alan Westin and Professor Fred Cate are giants in the field of study of my keyword data privacy.
Westin. A. (1967). Privacy and Freedom [eBook edition]. The Association of the Bar of the City
of New York.
This is Dr. Alan Westin’s seminal book based on his doctoral dissertation in which he defines privacy. This book, specifically his definition of privacy will help me prove my argument that Dr. Alan Westin is a giant in the community of research of my keyword of data privacy.